Learning Objectives: Gangs of Candida

By the end of this session, the students will be able to:

1. Classify Candida species commonly implicated in human disease, with emphasis on Candida albicans and emerging non-albicans species (e.g., C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. auris).
2. Explain the pathogenesis and virulence mechanisms of Candida, including adherence, biofilm formation, and phenotypic switching.
3. Identify the clinical manifestations of candidiasis ranging from superficial (e.g., oral thrush, vaginal candidiasis) to systemic (e.g., candidemia, endophthalmitis) infections.
4. Outline risk factors predisposing to candidiasis, including immunosuppression, antibiotic overuse, ICU stay, and medical devices.
5. Describe laboratory diagnostic methods for Candida infections including direct microscopy, culture, germ tube test, and molecular assays.
6. Discuss antifungal therapy, including drug classes (azoles, echinocandins, polyenes), resistance issues, and treatment strategies for different types of candidiasis.
7. Recognize the epidemiological trends and public health concerns related to multidrug-resistant species such as Candida auris.